Animal Farm

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April 3 Lenin, Zinoviev, and other Bolsheviks arrive in Petrograd from. Russian Civil War 2007. The February Revolution took place in the context of heavy military setbacks during the 1914—18 , which left much of the Russian Army in a state of mutiny.

Russia formally joins the World Trade Organization after 18 years of negotiations. The socialists had formed their rival body, the or workers' council four days earlier.

Animal Farm

One of 's goals in writing Animal Farm was to portray the Russian or Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 as one that resulted in a government more oppressive, totalitarian, and deadly than the one it overthrew. Many of the characters and events of Orwell's novel parallel those of the Russian Revolution: In short, Manor Farm is a model of Russia, and , , and represent the dominant figures of the Russian Revolution. Jones is modeled on Tsar Nicholas II 1868-1918 , the last Russian emperor. His rule 1894-1917 was marked by his insistence that he was the uncontestable ruler of the nation. During his reign, the Russian people experienced terrible poverty and upheaval, marked by the Bloody Sunday massacre in 1905 when unarmed protesters demanding social reforms were shot down by the army near Nicholas' palace. As the animals under Jones lead lives of hunger and want, the lives of millions of Russians worsened during Nicholas' reign. When Russia entered World War I and subsequently lost more men than any country in any previous war, the outraged and desperate people began a series of strikes and mutinies that signaled the end of Tsarist control. When his own generals withdrew their support of him, Nicholas abdicated his throne in the hopes of avoiding an all-out civil war — but the civil war arrived in the form of the Bolshevik Revolution, when Nicholas, like Jones, was removed from his place of rule and then died shortly thereafter. Lenin 1870-1924 , the leader of the Bolshevik Party that seized control in the 1917 Revolution. Lenin was responsible for changing Russia into the U. One of Lenin's allies was Leon Trotsky 1879-1940 , another Marxist thinker who participated in a number of revolutionary demonstrations and uprisings. His counterpart in Animal Farm is Snowball, who, like Trotsky, felt that a worldwide series of rebellions was necessary to achieve the revolution's ultimate aims. Snowball's plans for the windmill and programs reflect Trotsky's intellectual character and ideas about the best ways to transform Marx's theories into practice. Trotsky was also the leader of Lenin's Red Army, as Snowball directs the army of animals that repel Jones. Eventually, Trotsky was exiled from the U. Like Napoleon, Stalin was unconcerned with debates and ideas. Instead, he valued power for its own sake and by 1927 had assumed complete control of the Communist Party through acts of terror and brutality. Napoleon's dogs are like Stalin's KGB, his secret police that he used to eliminate all opposition. As Napoleon gains control under the guise of improving the animals' lives, Stalin used a great deal of propaganda — symbolized by in the novel — to present himself as an idealist working for change. His plan to build the windmill reflects Stalin's Five Year Plan for revitalizing the nation's industry and agriculture. Stalin's ordering Lenin's body to be placed in the shrine-like Lenin's Tomb parallels Napoleon's unearthing of old Major's skull, and his creation of the Order of the Green Banner parallels Stalin's creation of the Order of Lenin. Thanks, in part, to animals like who swallow whole all of their leader's lies , Stalin became one of the world's most feared and brutal dictators. Numerous events in the novel are based on ones that occurred during Stalin's rule. The Battle of the Cowshed parallels the Civil War that occurred after the 1917 Revolution. Frederick seems like an ally of Napoleon's, but his forged banknotes reveal his true character. In 1921, the sailors at the Kronshdadt military base unsuccessfully rebelled against Communist rule, as the hens attempt to rebel against Napoleon. The Battle of the Windmill reflects the U. Finally, the card game at the novel's end parallels the Tehran Conference November 28-December 1, 1943 , where Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin D. Roosevelt met to discuss the ways to forge a lasting peace after the war — a peace that Orwell mocks by having Napoleon and flatter each other and then betray their duplicitous natures by cheating in the card game.

The committee methodically planned to occupy strategic locations through the city, almost without concealing their jesus: the Provisional Government's president Kerensky was himself aware of them, and some details, leaked by Kamenev and Zinoviev, were published in newspapers. Students, white-collar workers and teachers joined the workers in the streets and at public meetings. General Dukhonin responds by organising loyal soldiers to attack the Social government. Though the February Revolution was a popular uprising, it did not necessarily express the wishes of the majority of the Russian population, as the event was primarily limited to the city of Petrograd. On 17 July, over 500,000 people participated in what was intended to be a glad demonstration in Russian revoluton dates, the so-called. The arrival of radical sailors — who had tried and executed many officers, including one admiral — further fueled the growing revolutionary atmosphere. The Russian revolution changed Russia and all of history, introducing communism into the modern world. By the 18th limbo, most countries in Europe had adopted the. Dates prior to February 1, 1918 use the Julian calendar; dates after that point follow the Gregorian calendar.